Turner Motorsport BMW Suspension Parts

Our experience with spherical front control arm ball joints go back to those we designed and used in our IMSA E90 328i and E92 M3 racecars (GS class Champions in 2011).  We wanted to offer e30, e36, and e46 owners similar levels of handling precision and control for the track and street, but weren’t satisfied with the other options out there.  Instead of a Delrin® bushing or unsealed spherical bearing alone, we selected an oversized sealed greaseable spherical monoball to offer unparalleled durability and precision, but designed a Delrin® adapter sleeve to help isolate the added noise, vibration, and harshness that a full solid monoball bearing will have. While race-ready, our hybrid Delrin®/monoball control arm bearings are more at home on the street than other kits that are advertised as “race-only” bearings. We did extensive street, autocross, and track testing to ensure the spherical bearing used in this bushing design excelled in each setting.

The stock rubber bushings, even those found in the M3, allow significant fore/aft movement of the front wheels to help absorb road impacts, especially when being pushed hard.  This soft flexible design maximizes daily driving comfort, but also allows considerable alignment change.  This unwanted deflection stands between you and a crisp, confidence-inspiring driving experience.  The advantage of a monoball bearing is that it will not deflect under load, eliminating all unwanted deflection while still allowing complete freedom of movement in the desired angles. What you get is superior steering precision with better handling from more consistent alignment and direct braking feedback, with exceptional service life.  Thanks to the Delrin® insert and double lip seals, there's none of the extra noise or reduced service life often found on other spherical bearings.

In short, if you're seeking front control arm bushings that offer precise, predictable handling, crisper braking feel, with a long service life free from noise - look no further. We have you covered.

Watch to learn more about Turner Monoball Bushings

Features:

Bearing housing

• Precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 blue anodized aluminum with a pre-installed grease fitting and grease distribution channels making this a serviceable design
• Knurled for smooth press fit in a wide variance in “lollipop” dimensions. Want front control arm monoballs pre-installed in lollipop brackets? Click here. 

Bearing

• A high quality sealed bearing with Delrin® inserts. Delrin® was chosen due to durability under pressure, while still soft enough to create a perfect play-free fitment on the control arm.
• Replaceable for infinite service life - no need to replace the entire mount in the event a bearing happens to fail.

Includes new hardware. Grease before installation and with each oil service with high quality Moly grease for maximum service life. Need a grease fitting tool?

Installation is relatively easy - see our instructions here.

This item fits the following BMWs that use a centered-style bushing: 

1984-1991 E30 BMW 318i, 318is, 325, 325e, 325es, 325i, 325is 
1992-1999 E36 BMW 318i 318is 318ti 318ic 323is 323ic 325i 325is 325ic 328i 328is 328ic
1996-1999 E36 BMW M3 S52
1997-2002 Z3 BMW Z3 1.9 Z3 2.3 Z3 2.5i Z3 2.8 Z3 3.0i MZ3 M Coupe M Roadster 

It’s no secret that BMW’s suffer from weak, failure prone front thrust arm bushings.  The stock rubber bushings are designed to allow significant fore/aft movement of the front wheels and are fluid filled to help absorb road impacts.  This compliant design maximizes daily driving comfort and helps add to the “luxury” feeling of your BMW, but it also contributes to the numb, disconnected feeling that many enthusiasts complain about with modern BMW’s.  Not only is the OEM design far from ideal for the street or racing enthusiast that is looking for optimal handling and braking performance, the constant twisting and deflection required of the rubber bushing often causes premature failure, resulting in degraded handling, wheel shimmy, delayed steering response, delayed braking response, unwanted alignment change, and poor tire wear.

Introducing the new Turner Thrust Arm Ball Joints!  The Turner engineering team set out to design a solution that offers far superior durability when compared to OEM, requiring no modification and offering nearly instantaneous cornering and braking response for the absolute best road feel and driving experience possible.  Our thrust arm monoballs utilize a sealed OEM BMW ball joint for exceptional quality and durability.  The bearing assembly is precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 anodized aluminum and features a knurled OD to ensure a perfect press fit and longest lasting component life possible. 

By utilizing a sealed ball joint, Turner achieved the ultimate in terms of low friction no bind suspension travel with no unwanted deflection, providing exceptional steering precision, turn-in response, and direct braking feedback; all while maintaining exceptional comfort and durability levels making these an excellent no compromise upgrade even for a street car.  These thrust arm monoball / ball joints are a must have for any track car, but are also completely street-able and are a great upgrade for any enthusiast that enjoys spirited driving.

Features:

Ball Joint / monoball

- OEM BMW sealed, greased ball joint for exceptional durability and service life, even in the most severe operating conditions

Housing

- 6061-T6 anodized housing for excellent corrosion resistance. 

- Proprietary Turner designed knurled OD to provide the perfect fit for the wide range of thrust arm bore diameters among brands. 

Bearing Inserts

- CNC machined 304ss, providing a precision fit between the ball joint and the subframe. 

Performance

- Nearly instantaneous, crisp steering and braking response.

- Maintenance free, long lasting performance. 

- Improved road feel without undesirable NVH.

Our experience with spherical front control arm�ball joints go back to those we designed and used in our IMSA E90 328i and E92 M3 racecars (GS class Champions in 2011).��We wanted to offer e30, e36, and e46 owners similar levels of handling precision and control for the track and street, but weren�t satisfied with the other options out there.� Instead of a Delrin bushing or unsealed spherical bearing alone, we selected an oversized sealed greaseable spherical monoball to offer unparalleled durability and precision, but designed a Delrin adapter sleeve to help isolate the added noise, vibration, and harshness that a full solid monoball bearing will have.�While race-ready,�our hybrid Delrin/monoball control arm bearings are more at home on the street than other kits that are advertised as��race-only� bearings. We did extensive street, autocross, and track testing to ensure the spherical bearing used in this bushing design excelled in each setting.

The stock rubber bushings, even�those found in the M3,�allow significant fore/aft movement of the front wheels to help absorb road impacts, especially when being pushed hard. �This soft flexible design maximizes daily driving comfort, but also allows considerable alignment change.� This unwanted deflection�stands between you and a crisp, confidence-inspiring driving experience. �The advantage of a monoball bearing is that it will not deflect under load, eliminating all unwanted deflection while still allowing�complete freedom of movement�in the desired angles. What you get is superior steering precision with better handling from more consistent alignment�and direct braking feedback, with exceptional service life.� Thanks to the�Delrin insert and double lip seals, there's none of the extra noise or reduced service life�often�found on�other�spherical bearings.

In short, if you're seeking front control arm bushings that offer precise, predictable handling, crisper braking feel, with a long service life free from noise - look no further. We have you covered.

�

Watch to learn more about Turner Monoball Bushings

�

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Features:

Bearing housing

• Manufactured using 6061-T6 blue anodized aluminum with a pre-installed grease fitting and grease distribution channels making this a serviceable design
• Knurling allows for a wide variance in lollipop dimension, although this particular SKU comes pre-installed, so you won't need to worry about that.�Want to install your own? Click here.�

Bearing

• A high quality greaseable double lip sealed bearing with Delrin� inserts. Delrin� was chosen due to durability�under pressure, while still soft�enough to create a perfect play-free fitment on the control arm.
• Replaceable for infinite service life - no need to replace the entire mount in the event a bearing happens to fail.

Includes new hardware. Grease before installation and with each oil service with high quality Moly grease for maximum service life.�Need a grease fitting tool?

Installation is relatively easy - see our instructions here.�

This item fits the following BMWs:

1999-2006�E46 BMW�323i 323ci 325i 325ci 328i 328ci 330i 330ci�
2003-2008�Z4 BMW�Z4 2.5i Z4 3.0i Z4 3.0si�

M3 upper and lower control arms are a known upgrade for non-M E82 and E9X chassis. But our Monoball Thurst Arms are even more of an upgrade over the stock M3 arms. This package bundles the Turner Monoball upper thrust arms with the stock M3 lower control arms. If there's one big fail point in the E82/E9X front suspension it's the thrust arms. The front inner thrust arm bushing is filled with dampening fluid that leaks over time. Once it's gone the bushing has the strength of a rubber band. Even though we sell two types of upgraded rubber bushings there was still room for improvement. For someone looking for superior performance and longevity these sealed monoball bushings are the best out there. 

The advantage of a monoball bearing is that it will not deflect under load. All of the rubber bushings, including the M3, move in all sorts of directions and that changes your alignment, especially when used with big brake kits or when driven hard. And when worn out, performance suffers. Our monoball sits in a CNC machined aluminum housing which has zero deflection. The monoball allows complete freedom of movement but only at the desired angles. What you get is superior steering precision, better handling from more consistent alignment, and almost infinite bushing life. And thanks to the inner liner and sealed rubber boots there's none of the extra noise or reduced service life of fully solid race bushings.

The lower M3 control arm bushings use a similar sealed monoball bushing instead of rubber. This package gives you monoball precision and performance with OE-quality components.

This item fits the following BMWs: 
2008-2012 E82 BMW 128i 135i 1M Coupe 
2006-2011 E90 BMW 325i 328i 330i 335d 335i M3 - Sedan 
2006-2012 E91 BMW 328i - Wagon 
2007-2013 E92 BMW 328i 335i 335is M3 - Coupe 
2007-2013 E93 BMW 328i 335i M3 - Convertible 
2009+ Z4 BMW Z4 sDrive28i Z4 sDrive30i Z4 sDrive35i Z4 sDrive35is 

BMW’s are known to have failure prone front thrust arm bushings.  The flexible rubber bushings, even those found in M performance models, allow significant movement of the front wheels to maximize daily driving comfort, but also allow considerable alignment change.  This results in a disconnected and numb road feel, standing between you and a confidence inspiring driving experience.  Eventually the fluid filled rubber bushings fatigue and crack due to continual deflection and ozone degradation, and eventually the damping fluid leaks out resulting in complete failure. 

For the enthusiast looking for superior performance and longevity with a crisp, confidence-inspiring driving experience, our sealed ball joint monoballs are the best solution available!  Our experience with spherical front control arm ball joints go back to those we designed and used in our IMSA E90 328i and E92 M3 racecars (GS class Champions in 2011).  We wanted to offer E31, E32, E34, E38, E39, E53, E60, E63, E64, and E83 owners similar levels of handling precision and control for the track and street. 

The bearing housing is precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 anodized aluminum and features a knurled OD to ensure a perfect press fit, and utilize a sealed OEM BMW ball joint for exceptional quality and durability, making them completely at home on both the street and track with no compromise.  We have done extensive street, autocross, and track testing to ensure the ball joint used in this bushing design excels in each setting.  The advantage of a sealed ball joint is that it eliminates all unwanted deflection while still allowing complete bind-free movement throughout suspension travel, resulting in exceptional control of wheel alignment.  What you get is superior steering precision, turn-in response, direct braking feedback, and better handling.

In short, if you're seeking the ultimate in precise, predictable handling and control, with crisp braking response and a long service life that’s equally at home on the street or track - look no further. We have you covered.

We offer these thrust arms with the monoball bushings pre-installed for your convenience. Since BMW recommends the control arms be replaced for every other bushing change, we prefer to sell these as a pre-assembled set. The bushings are also available separately if you wish to source your own control arms.

Features:

Bearing housing

• Precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 blue anodized aluminum
• Knurled OD to provide the perfect fit for the wide range of thrust arm bore diameters among brands.
• CNC machined 304ss ball joint sleeve inserts, providing a precision fit between the ball joint and the subframe. 

Bearing

• OEM BMW sealed and greased ball joint for exceptional durability and service life.

Performance

• Nearly instantaneous, crisp steering and braking response.
• Maintenance free, long lasting performance. 
• Improved road feel without undesirable NVH.

Sold as a pair for AWD models only.

Click here for installation instructions.

This item fits the following BMWs:
2011+ F13 BMW 640iX 650iX 650iX 4.0 650iX 4.4
2012+ F12 BMW 640iX 650iX 650iX 4.0 650iX 4.4
2011 - 2016 F11 BMW 528iX 530dX 530i 535i 535iX 550I
2010 - 2016 F10 BMW 528iX 530i 535i 535iX 550i 550iX Hybrid 5 
2009 - 2016 F07 BMW 535iX 550i 550iX 550iX 4.0 550iX 4.4
2013+ F06 BMW 640i xDrive 650i xDrive ALPINA B6X

Rear Axle Carrier Panel (RACP) failure is a well-documented issue that plagues all BMW E46 models. Due to thin sheet metal mounting, the forces applied during cornering, acceleration, and braking create stress fractures in the carrier panel, resulting in large cracks or breaks that risk the structural integrity of your chassis. To fix this issue, many enthusiasts opt to install weld-in reinforcement plates on the underside of the RACP. While this remedies the formation of additional stress cracks and adds rigidity to failure-prone areas, it does not prevent the entire carrier panel from flexing during high-performance driving.

Our all-new Rear Subframe Reinforcement Brace is engineered to add structure to the E46's rear chassis under high-stress conditions, eliminating the common weak points in the RACP while providing the confidence you need for performance driving. Don't let chassis flex limit your car’s potential—upgrade your E46 with the Turner Motorsport Rear Subframe Reinforcement Brace today!

How It Works:

During performance driving, the Rear Axle Carrier Panel (RACP) must react the forces of longitudinal and lateral accelerations. During forward acceleration, the differential transmits torque through the subframe to the RACP, forcing the rearmost subframe mounting points downward. This downward movement flexes the carrier panel, reducing its ability to handle torque efficiently. By linking the rearmost subframe mounting points to the rear shock towers, downward flex is restricted, resulting in improved torque transfer and stability. Alternatively, high-grip cornering generates lateral acceleration (side-to-side) forces across the RACP. Similar to how a rear strut brace functions, connecting the rear shock towers helps to counteract these forces. Adding the subframe to this connection further reduces lateral loads, eliminating side-to-side flex and enhancing overall stability.

Features & Design:

Four-Point Triangulated Structure: Links the rearmost subframe mounting locations to both rear strut towers for superior load distribution. Enhanced Stability: Reduces lateral and longitudinal RACP flex during acceleration, braking, and cornering. Improved Torque Transfer: Minimizes downward flex of the RACP, ensuring efficient power delivery for enhanced driveability. High-Performance Durability: Heavy-duty steel tube construction ensures lasting support during spirited driving, track use, and for vehicles with increased power output. Blue Powdercoat Finish: Offers fantastic corrosion resistance, protection from scuffs and scratches, and a stylish appearance that is sure to complement your performance-centric E46. Underside Reinforcement Compatibility: Designed to work seamlessly alongside our underside RACP reinforcement plates (TDR4675412, T#91). Kit Includes:

Rear Subframe Brace Sedan Subframe Brace Spacers Extended-Length Drill Bit (1/4", 12" Overall Length) High-Speed Drill Bit (12.5mm, 152mm Overall Length) Drill Bit Guide Extended Subframe Bolts Zinc-Plated Steel Hex Nut (2) Installation & Support:

Need installation tips? Our team has assembled a guided start-to-finish installation tutorial, including detailed instructions on drilling and cutting your trunk floor panel for perfect fitment. Click HERE for Installation Instructions

This carbon fiber strut brace uses a flat-oval design with a hinge-less mounting system that makes this one of the best strut braces on the market (especially at the price!). Cornering forces can put stress on the chassis, especially when used with stickier tires and stiffer suspensions.Strut braces help to reduce chassis flex by tying the two strut towers together. This design is stronger than most strut braces that use a hinge on the end that allows additonal flex. This design has fixed end mounts that the strut bar is bolted to. The slim oval tube is 100% carbon fiber for excellent strength and rigidty. The entire assembly is less than 5lbs and installs in minutes.

Fitment note: the end plates on this brace are closed. Some aftermarket front struts have an extra tall strut pin that will interfere with this brace.

This item fits the following BMWs:
1999-2006 E46 BMW 323i 323ci 325i 325ci 325xi 328i 328ci 330i 330ci 330xi

NOW LOCATED UNDER T#338370

Improve your BMW E46 M3's balance and performance with Turner Motorsport sway bars, meticulously designed to outperform stock anti-roll bars. These bars effectively reduce body roll, minimizing the understeering effects associated with staggered wheel setups. Featuring adjustability with a 3-position front and 2-position rear settings, these bars cater to both street and track handling needs. Sized at 30mm in the front and 25mm in the rear (+4mm and +3.5mm from stock, respectively), Turner bars are crafted from robust spring steel for superior strength and resilience. Shot peened, heat-treated, and precision forged, these bars promise exceptional durability.

Product Benefits:

• Reduces body roll for enhanced stability
• Minimizes understeering effects of staggered wheel setups
• Adjustable settings for optimized street and track handling
• Crafted from robust spring steel for superior strength
• Shot peened, heat-treated, and precision forged for durability

Modern BMW's are beginning to leave the performance derived handling and power delivery in the past as the demand for more comfort and features rises. The stiff suspension components designed around having the best driving experience from a luxury car has been left for the M models and replaced with soft rubber bushings and mounts. Unfortunately, this is a good move by BMW to support the masses.

The obvious approach was to offer products so the modern BMW can be upgraded into the car the enthusiast desires, superb handling, control, and a direct delivery of power to the rear wheels. When you upgrade to our Delrin subframe mounts you reconnect that power with almost zero negative feedback.

The added appeal to someone looking to take one of these machines on the race track is Delrin can be used when solid mounts are needed and aluminum is not an option with strict regulations found in Grand-Am, BMW CCA, and other racing series.

Product features:

• Precision machined Delrin(TM) 150 bushings.
• Precision machined 6061-T6 aluminum inserts. 
• Class legal for any racing class that does not allow a solid subframe bushing. 

Performance Benefits:

• Eliminates subframe movement for more direct throttle and suspension  response. 
• Minimizes wheel hop due to subframe deflection and movement. 

***Installation Instructions***

These GAC differential bushings/mounts fit the following BMWs: 
2014+ F22 BMW 228i 228iX M235i M235iX 
2012+ F30 BMW 320i 320iX 328i 328iX 335i 335iX - Sedan 
2014+ F34 BMW 328i 328iX 335iX - Gran Turismo 
2014+ F32 BMW 428i 428iX 435i 435iX - Coupe 
2014+ F33 BMW 428i 428iX 435i 435iX - Convertible
2014+ F36 BMW 428iX -Gran Coupe 

Rubber mounts in any position of a vehicle are usually designed with comfort and longevity in mind leaving performance as a sacrifice. This kind of sacrifice here at Turner just won't do, so we did what we do best and designed a solid monoball mount.

Our engineering team first wanted to tackle the issue with wear found on rubber mounts. Due to their combination of steel, rubber, and low mounting location, these mounts are a direct target for deterioration and failure. As they are positioned out in the open and exposed to the elements, bonded steel and rubber components inevitably hold moisture, separating as the steel bearing begins to rust. Our solution was to offer a rebuildable mount with a Teflon lined bearing for increased durability, combined with a blue anodized body and melonite coated bushing sleeves for corrosion resistance.

The performance side of these mounts is primarily found in the articulation allowed by the bearing. Rubber mounts do not allow for proper free damper movement, hindering shock performance. By eliminating the deflection found in factory rubber mounts and allowing full shock articulation, this solid monoball design eliminates slop and maximizes shock efficiency and performance, allowing for more predictable handling on the street or the track - with almost zero added noise, vibration, and harshness.

Replaces OE part #: 33526768544

Key Benefits:

• Monoball rear lower shock mount eliminates unwanted deflection, maximizing shock efficiency and performance.
• Allows full shock body articulation for low friction movement and reduced side loading and improved shock wear.
• Designed to work with stock non-M taper seat stud style shocks (not M eyelet mount type).
• Maintains OE shock position

Design features:

• Rebuildable using off the shelf bearings - these are the last rear shock mounts you’ll need to buy
• Includes new hardware
• Made in USA

Housing:

• Billet CNC 6061-T6 aluminum housing, type II anodized for exceptional durability and corrosion resistance

Bearing:

• FK WSSX14T teflon lined spherical bearing
• 440C heat-treated stainless steel ball, 1 ⅜” ball dia.
• 17-4 PH heat-treated stainless steel race
• Self-lubricating PTFE liners are chemically bonded to the inner diameter of the race to offer a very high load-carrying capacity with greatly increased dynamic wear characteristics.
• Static Axial Load Rating: 10,800 lbs.
• Rod End Misalign Angle: 6 degrees

Bearing inserts:

• CNC machined 1144 steel, heat treated and melonite coated designed to maximize ball articulation while offering exceptional durability and corrosion resistance.

This item fits the following BMWs: 
2008-2013 E82 BMW 128i 135i 135is Coupe 
2006-2011 E90 BMW 325i 325xi 328i 328xi 328i xDrive 330i 330xi 335d 335i 335xi 335i xDrive - Sedan 
2006-2012 E91 BMW 325xi 328i 328xi 328i xDrive - Wagon 
2007-2013 E92 BMW 328i 328xi 328i xDrive 335i 335is 335xi 335i xDrive - Coupe 
2007-2013 E93 BMW 328i 335i 335is - Convertible 

One of the tricks for getting your BMW to handle better is to add negative camber to the front wheels. This will put more of the tire's width in contact with the ground during cornering. With more rubber there is more grip. BMWs typically have less camber in the front to create understeer. But if you're running a stock setup on the track or autocross you are giving up speed and time as the front tires run out of grip sooner than they should. 

Increasing the negative camber of your E36 M3 will reduce understeer and prolong the life of your tires when used on the track. These plates simply bolt on top of the factory upper strut bearings and increase negative camber by .5 or 2 degrees, depending on the holes you chose to use. We maximized the available camber available with a stock-diameter sized spring. Vehicle height in the front will be raised by .25”. We also added material to the surface area of the mount to increase stiffness of contact area, therefore reducing the strut tower deformation and increasing the strength of the strut towers. Fixed mount camber plates are legal for many racing and autocross classes. These are the perfect camber solution when adjustable plates are not allowed in your class. 

This item fits the following BMWs: 
1996-1999 E36 BMW M3 
1998-2002 E36/7 BMW Z3 M Coupe M Roadster

3 way adjustable 30mm front sway bar / swaybar for E46 M3. Includes bushings.

• Reduces body roll
• Improves steering turn-in and handling

Sway bars are typically sold as a front and rear set to balance the handling. But a front sway bar only can also have excellent benefits, especially on a street car. Going with a larger front bar will improve steering and handling even at low-moderate speeds. Steering turn-in is faster and gives the car a more direct and responsive feel. Cars with staggered wheel fitments (a narrower front wheel compared to the rear) will especially benefit from this and help the front tire 'bite' into the road.

We use an adjustable 30mm sway bar that has been fine-tuned for use on the E46 M3. Urethane bushings with a reinforced inner core that requires no lubrication are included. These bars are crafted from a special spring steel that is both stronger and more resilient than competitive sway bars. They have been shot peened and heat treated, and feature precision forged ends.

This item fits the following BMWs:
2001-2006 E46 BMW M3

BMW's are notorious for their failure-prone control arm bushings. The pliable rubber bushings, present even in M performance models, allow substantial movement of the front wheels to enhance everyday driving comfort. However, they also permit significant alignment changes, leading to a disconnected and numb road feel that detracts from a confidence-inspiring driving encounter. Over time, the fluid-filled rubber bushings succumb to fatigue and cracking due to continual deflection and ozone degradation, ultimately resulting in the leakage of damping fluid and complete failure.

For the enthusiast looking for superior performance and longevity with a crisp, confidence-inspiring driving experience, our sealed ball joint monoballs are the best solution available! Our experience with spherical control arm ball joints go back to those we designed and used in our IMSA E90 328i and E92 M3 racecars (GS class Champions in 2011).

The bearing housing is precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 anodized aluminum and features a knurled OD to ensure a perfect press fit, and utilize a sealed OEM BMW ball joint for exceptional quality and durability, making them completely at home on both the street and track with no compromise. We have done extensive street, autocross, and track testing to ensure the ball joint used in this bushing design excels in each setting. The advantage of a sealed ball joint is that it eliminates all unwanted deflection while still allowing complete bind-free movement throughout suspension travel, resulting in exceptional control of wheel alignment. What you get is superior steering precision, turn-in response, direct braking feedback, and better handling.

In short, if you're seeking the ultimate in precise, predictable handling and control, with crisp braking response and a long service life that’s equally at home on the street or track - look no further. We have you covered.

Since BMW recommends the control arms be replaced for every other bushing change, we prefer to sell these as a pre-assembled set, and are available (T599476) if you would prefer that option.

Watch to learn more about Turner Monoball Bushings

Design:

OEM sealed, greased ball joint for exceptional durability and service life, even in the most severe operating conditions
6061-T6 anodized housing for excellent corrosion resistance
Turner designed knurled OD to provide the perfect fit for the wide range of thrust arm bore
CNC machined 304ss bearing inserts, providing a precision fit between the ball joint and the subframe
Performance Advantages:

Immediate, precise steering and breaking feedback
Long-lasting performance with minimal maintenance requirements
Enhanced road feedback minus any unnecessary noise, vibration, harshness